Spinning turbine

ABSTRACT

A spinning turbine arrangement of the type having a spinning turbine indirectly supported in a casing under subatmospheric pressure. Air conveying means are provided for preventing leakage air from passing into the casing alongside the necessarily large bore for the turbine shaft. These air conveying means can also operate to evacuate or assist in evacuating the casing. The air conveying means may include rotating fan-like or thread-like parts attached to the turbine or turbine shaft. Also rotating air conveyors can be attached to the turbine or turbine shaft. Also rotating air conveyors can be attached to the axles of back-up rolls or the back-up rolls themselves may be constructed as fans. These rotating parts can be either inside or outside of the casing rear wall through which the turbine shaft extends. Air outlet apertures are provided in this rear wall to accommodate the various rotation of the fan and like parts. Also provisions for quick and easy disassembly of the spinning turbine are built into the arrangement with such devices as clip-in inserts and the like.

United States Patent [1 1 Stahlecker 1 Sept. 24, 1974 SPINNING TURBINE Primary Examiner-Donald E. Watkins 75 Inventor: Fritz Stahlecker, Bad Uberkingen, firm-931g Amman Germany 57 ABSTRACT [73] Assignee: Wilhelm Stahlecker QmbH, near Geislingen. Steig efG ermany A spinning turbine arrangement of the type having a spinning turbine indirectly supported in a casing under subatmospheric pressure. Air conveying means are provided for preventing leakage air from passing into the casing alongside the necessarily large bore for the turbine shaft. These air conveying means can also operate to evacuate or assist in evacuating the casing. The air conveying means may include rotating fan-like or thread-like parts attached to the turbine or turbine shaft. Also rotating air conveyors can be attached to the turbine or turbine shaft. Also rotating air conveyors can be attached to the axles of back-up rolls or the back-up rolls themselves may be constructed as fans. These rotating parts can be either inside or outside of the casing rear wall through which the turbine shaft extends. Air outlet apertures are provided in this rear wall to accommodate the various rotation of the fan and like parts. Also provisions for quick and easy disassembly of the spinning turbine are built into the arrangement with such devices as clip-in inserts and the like.

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SPINNING TURBINE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a spinning turbine rotating in a casing which is under subatmospheric pressure; the rear wall of this casing is provided with a bore to pass the turbine shaft therethrough, the shaft being indirectly supported.

It is conventional to dispose spinning turbines in a closed chamber wherein the negative air pressure required for the spinning process is ensured. Customarily, the subatmospheric pressure is produced by the rotating spinning turbine. Frequently, it is also necessary to connect the turbine chamber additionally with a suction line in order to maintain the negative pressure at a sufficient level. In order to retain a uniform subatmospheric pressure in the chambers, the penetration of secondary air must be avoided, if at all possible.

It is known to support the turbine shaft directly, i.e., to support it with ball bearings in bores of the turbine casing. In this type of construction, there is less danger of secondary air penetrating through the gap of the shaft bore of the turbine casing into the chamber, since the grease-lubricated bearing takes over the function of a seal along its entire length. However, there is the danger in this kind of structure that, due to the air suction toward the interior of the turbine casing, the bearing grease of the turbine bearing enters the turbine chamber and causes contamination therein. Besides, this situation also leads to a lack of lubricant in the turbine bearing, so that premature wear and tear occurs as a consequence.

In order to circumvent the aforedescribed difficulties, it has been suggested recently to omit the direct bearing and to provide, in place thereof, an indirect bearing wherein, for example, the smooth turbine shaft is guided, in the V-slot (spline), by two pairs of backing rolls and their associated bearings and driven in this way. In this type ofconstruction, it is impossible for any lubricant of the turbine bearing to be sucked into the interior of the spinning cell. However, there does exist the problem that secondary air may enter through the bore of the rear wall of the casing, through which the turbine shaft is extended. In this connection, it is to be noted that this bore, in consideration of unavoidable manufacturing tolerances, must be markedly larger than the diameter of the turbine shaft and/or ofa collar of the turbine. Consequently, a uniform air gap is perforce formed at this point, through which secondary air can enter the interior of the casing.

Moreover, in the aforementioned backing roll bearings, the fitting or mountings thereof wear down during the course of the operating time. causing an alteration of the position of the turbine shaft with respect to the bore of the casing rear wall. Herein lies one of the reasons why it is impossible to keep the annular air gap sufficiently small. In this type of construction, the secondary air, which is disadvantageous for the spinning operation and especially for the starting of the thread, was necessarily tolerated, even though it resulted in a reduction in the vacuum in the turbine casing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is based on the problem of providing a spinning turbine of the type mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs, wherein the penetration of secondary air into the turbine casing is prevented. In this connection, consideration is to be given to the fact that the required seal is fashioned in such a manner that the advantage of the indirect support is not lost, namely that the turbine, together with its turbine shaft, can be conveniently dismantled and installed at any time. The invention resides in that the rotating parts and/or the fixed parts surrounding the former are fashioned as air conduit or air conveying means effective from the interior of the casing toward the outside. By means of this construction, wherein the air conducting and/or air conveying means have the effect of a fan or a propeller, the objective is achieved that, with the rotation of the spinning turbine, a more or less strong increase in the vacuum within the casing is generated, which is frequently desired. However, the effect of the air conduit or air conveying means can also be adjusted in such a manner that a counterpressure is only produced in the zone of the bore of the casing rear wall which prevents the penetration of secondary air and thus establishes an equilibrium condition ensuring the maintenance of the desired subatmospheric pressure in the casing.

In order to attain a conveyance of the air, it is suitable to dispose in the zone of the casing rear wall a rotational body rotating with the turbine, which body is fashioned as an air conduit. This rotational body can be of various shapes, in accordance with the structural requirements and the desired vacuum values, and can be mounted at the spinning turbine, a collar adjoining the spinning turbine, or at the turbine shaft.

The air conveying and/or conducting means can be arranged outside or inside the casing. In such arrangements, either the air suction in the direction toward the inside of the casing which is normally present in the bore is counteracted to such an extent that secondary air cannot any more enter to an appreciable extent, or, with a corresponding construction of the air conveying means, the vacuum in the turbine casing can be maintained or even further increased by withdrawing air out of the turbine casing. This increase in vacuum can be obtained in spite of the fact that some secondary air still enters via the bore.

In an advantageous embodiment of this invention, the provision is made to fashion the rear wall of the easing as an air guiding means or an air baffle device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the turbine shaft is supported in pairs of backing rolls, the axles of which are extended into the zone of the casing rear wall and carry air conveying means. In this construction, the spinning turbine and the turbine shaft need not be altered to obtain the production or maintenance of a vacuum.

In another embodiment of the invention, a pair of backing rolls are provided which are disposed in the zone of the rear wall of the casing and are fashioned as air conveying means. This embodiment has the advantage that it can be produced with a minimum number of additional parts.

Additional features and advantages of the invention can be seen fromthe detailed description and illustration of the embodiments and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 2-14 are partial sections through additional embodiments of the invention in basic arrangements generally similar to FIG. 1;

FIG. shows a section through another embodiment of this invention with the turbine shaft supported by pairs of backing rolls;

FIGS. 16 and 17 are sections through embodiments similar to FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the invention utilizing backing roll pairs to support the turbine shaft;

FIG. 19 is a section through an embodiment similar to FIG. 18;

FIG. is a sectional view along line XX XX of FIG. 19;

FIGS. 21 and 22 show a section similar to the embodiments according to FIGS. 18-20;

FIGS. 23 and 24 are sections through additional embodiments with casing rear wall configurations to ac commodate the air conveying means;

FIG. is a section through another embodiment with air conveying grooves formed in the casing rear wall;

FIG. 26 is a view of a detail of FIG. 25;

FIG. 27 is a section along line XXVII-XXVII of FIG. 25;

FIG. 28 is a section through another embodiment utilizing backing roll pairs; and

FIG. 29 is a section through an embodiment similar to FIG. 28.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a spinning turbine I disposed in a spinning cell or chamber formed by a casing 2. The casing 2 is provided with an exchangeable insert 3 having a duct designated by a small downwardly sloping arrow for feeding the fibers and a tube designated by an upwardly pointing arrow for withdrawing the spun thread, yarn. fiber or the like. The insert 3 is arranged in a foldable lid 4 joined with the remaining portion of the casing by way of a sealing strip 5. The housing 2 is provided with a lateral opening 6 in communication with an air suction line for the production of vacuum or subatmospheric pressure conditions in the chamber. The turbine shaft 7 runs in a double bearing 8 fashioned, for example. as an air bearing. Outside of the double bearing 8, the turbine shaft is provided with a drive whorl 9. The turbine shaft 7 and a collar 10 of the spinning turbine l surrounding this shaft extend through the rear wall 11 ofthe casing, provided with a bore 12. The bore 12, because of manufacturing considerations and for reasons of operating safety, must be markedly larger than the diameter of the collar 10.

The rotation of the spinning turbine 1 causes a subatmospheric pressure or vacuum to be generated in the casing 2 due to the configuration of and apertures in said turbine. This vacuum may be reinforced by the suction withdrawal of the air taking place via the opening 6. In order to prevent the penetration of secondary air into the casing 2 through the annular gap existing between the bore 12 and the collar 10, a disk-shaped rotational body 13 is forced onto the turbine shaft 7 closely behind the rear wall 11 of the casing The air present in the circular gap between the rotational body 13 and the casing rear wall-11 is centrifuged toward the outside by the rotational body 13 rotating with the spin ning turbine 1, so that the penetration of secondary air via the bore 12 into the interior of the casing is prevented. The bore 12 can, therefore, be maintained as large, based on the diameter of the collar 10, as appears advisable under consideration of an economical mass production. In this connection, the effect of the rotational body 13 can be dimensioned so that the vacuum is increased in the casing, or so that only an equilibrium condition is maintained which prevents the entrance of secondary air.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, a fan-like blade rim 14 is attached to the collar 10 of thespinning turbine 1. This blade rim is disposed in aseparate chamber 15 provided with an outlet opening 16. In the rear wall 11 of the casing, additional openings 17 are provided together with the bore 12. Through these additional openings, as well as through the annular gap between the bore 12 and the collar 10, air is withdrawn by suction from the spinning cell. The fan-like blade rim 14 can be dimensioned so that an additional withdrawal of air, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, can be omitted.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the collar 18- of the spinning turbine 1 is fashioned in the manner of a screw. The bore 12 of the rear wall 11 of the casing is disposed within a tubular projection 19. With the spinning turbine 1 rotating, the screw-like shape of the collar 18 effects an air pressure head toward the outside in the direction of the arrow. This pressure head prevents the penetration of secondary air into the spinning cell. The tubular extension 19 is provided with a bowl-shaped or'cup-shaped cap 20 produced of thinwalled sheet material, such as sheet metal or the like. The bowl-shaped cap 20 has a bore for the turbine shaft 7 which is dimensioned in such a manner that only a small annular gap is produced. In this arrangement, one must tolerate the feature that, in case of the unfavorable addition of various manufacturing tolerances, contacting may happen between the turbine shaft 7 and the cap 20. However, since the cap 20 is made of a very thin-walled material, the turbine shaft 7 will operate freely after only a short running-in period. The cap 20 effects an additional seal for preventing the escape of air.

FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 show embodiments similar to FIG. 3, wherein the collars 21, 22, and 23 are fashioned in the form of screws or with varying pitch. They all extend over the tubular extension 19 of the rear wall 11 of the casing. Depending on the dimensioning of and the conveying efficiency of the butt collars, the cap 20 may be omitted.

In the embodiment ofFIG. 7, the collar 10 of the spinning turbine l is provided with a fan wheel 24 rotating in an enlarged bore 25 of the rear wall 11 of the casing. Here again, a dynamic seal of the bore 25 is obtained, which in most cases will also be enough to ensure a sufficient vacuum within the casing 2.

In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the collar 10 of the spinning turbine 1 is disposed within the casing 2. The bore 12 of the casing rear wall 11 is adapted, in its diameter, to the turbine shaft 7. The collar 10 of the spinning turbine 1 is provided with inclined surfaces 26 by which an air pressure head or an air flow is effected in the direction of the turbine shaft out of the casing 2. This arrangement excludes the entrance of secondary air via the bore 12. In this embodiment of the invention, an opening 6 may be provided to connect an air suction line.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the invention wherein a rotational body 27, of a conical or tapered configuration and preferably manufactured of a synthetic resin, is forced or clipped onto the collar 10 of the spinning turbine 1. Between this rotational body and the likewise-conical bore 28 of the casing rear wall 11 of the casing 2, a conical annular gap is produced, the smaller diameter of which faces the inner chamber of the casing 2. In this conical annular gap, when the spinning turbine is rotating, the air is pressed or forced toward the larger diameter, i.e., from the inside of the casing toward the outside. A pressure head is therefore generated which at least prevents secondary air from entering the interior of the casing. In case the spinning turbine l with its turbine shaft 7 is to be disassembled, the rotational body 27, after the lid 4 has been removed, is pushed off the collar 10 by means of a special device. Thereafter, the spinning turbine 1 can be withdrawn in the forward direction from the spinning cell.

The embodiment of FIG. 10 corresponds, with regard to its function, to the embodiment of FIG. 9. However, in this construction, the collar 29 of the spinning turbine l is itself of a conical or tapered configuration. An integral or multiple-part insert 30 is clipped into the rear wall 11 of the casing. This insert can be formed, for example, as a slotted plastic ring. The insert 30 is provided with the conical bore 28 so that this arrangement also exhibits a conical annular slot tapering toward the interior of the casing. In order to disassemble the spinning turbine l, the insert 30 is unclipped.

In the embodiment of FIG. 11, an air vane or fan blade 31 is forced onto the turbine shaft 7 outside of the housing 2 in the zone of the casing rear wall 11. The air vane 31 sucks air out of the interior of the housing. In order to make it possible to dismantle the spinning turbine 1 and the turbine shaft 7 in a convenient manner, the casing rear wall 11 is provided with an insert 32 consisting of two halves, clipped into the casing rear wall 11. The insert 32 exhibits openings 33 through which air is additionally removed by suction by means of the air vane 31, above and beyond the air removed through the annular gap formed between the central bore and the turbine shaft 7.

In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the spinning turbine 1 is provided at its rear with vane-shaped projections 34 having such an inclination that, when the turbine is rotating, an air current is produced in the direction of the turbine shaft 7 toward the outside. The casing rear wall 11 is provided with openings 35 in the zone of the vane-like projections 34 of the spinning turbine l, the air exiting through these openings. In this embodiment of the invention, the spinning turbine I itself generates the desired vacuum within the casing 2. The annular gap between the collar 10 of the spinning turbine I and the bore 12 of the rear wall 11 of the casing has no effect on this vacuum. In practice, it will be sufficient to make the projections 34 substantially smaller than illustrated. In certain cases, an inclined fluting, corrugation, or grooving on the outer periphery of the spinning turbine 1 will suffice to achieve the desired effect.

In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the rear of the spinning turbine 1 is provided with two or more, preferably obliquely positioned tooth-like projections 36, which rotate in an annular groove 37 of the casing rear wall 11. In the zone of the annular gap between the bore 12 and the collar 10 of the spinning turbine I, an air pressure head is produced, particularly due to the disposition of the projections 36, by which the penetration of secondary air into the casing 2 is prevented.

In the embodiment of FIG. 14, the tubular projection 19 of the rear wall 11 of the casing is provided with a bore 12 leaving an annular gap between the collar 10 of the spinning turbine l and having on its inside a helically (worm-like) extending groove 38. The collar 10 of the spinning turbine can have a roughened surface, so that the air pressure head is increased during the rotation, this pressure head acting from the interior of the casing toward the outside through the worm-like or spirally shaped groove 38. This also prevents the entrance of secondary air.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 15, the turbine shaft 7 of the spinning turbine 1 is supported in the V- slot of two backing roll pairs 39 and 40 and is driven by a tangential belt 41 running over these rolls. The axles 42 and 43 of the backing roll pairs 39 and 40 are extended up to the casing rear wall 11 of the casing 2 and are equipped with fans 45 rotating in recesses 44 of the casing rear wall 11. The collar of the spinning turbine l, similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 3, has the form of a screw 18. In this embodiment of the invention, it is unnecessary to place the interior of the casing in communication with an additional air suction removal means, since the effect of the fans 45 is sufficient for producing the desired vacuum. This vacuum is not affected by the annular gap between the collar 18 and the bore 12 of the casing rear wall, since a sufficiently large suction effect is provided. The fans 45 are conveniently dismountable, so that, by correspondingly exchanging these fans against differently dimensioned fans, the required vacuum can in each case be simply adapted to the requirements of spinning technique and operation. Furthermore, it is possible to replace one of the two fans 45 by a dummy wheel without any airconveying action, so that the effect can be reduced.

FIG. 16 shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 15 wherein, however, the propellers 46 serving as the air conveying means adjoin directly the backing rolls of the backing roll pair 39 proximate to the casing 2. The backing roll pair 39 can be provided with recesses in view of the required air passage in the axial direction.

An embodiment similar to FIG. 16 is also shown in FIG. 17 wherein the backing roll pair 39 proximate to the casing rear wall 11 is provided with radially oriented, vane-like projections 47, which have the effect of a radialflow fan, together with the casing rear wall 11 and the backing rolls. The air is sucked out of the interior of the casing by the thus-created radial-flow fans, via bores 48 of the casing rear wall 11, so that the desired vacuum is attained. The air escapes in the direction of the outer rims of the backing roll pairs 39 and 40, which affords the advantageous concomitant feature that the drive mechanism of these backing rolls, which consists in most cases of plastic, is continuously exposed to satisfactory cooling. In this embodiment, the bearing assembly is driven via a belt 49 running over whorls 50, which latter are disposed on the axles of the backing roll pairs 39 and 40.

In this embodiment, it is possible to arrange the openings 48 further toward the outside, eccentrically with respect to the pair of backing rolls 39. It is also possible to impart a special shape to the recesses, enhancing the removal of the air toward the outside. The projections 47 can extend linearly or in a curved manner. If only a slight subatmospheric pressure is to be produced, it is likewise possible to fashion the backing roll pair 39, along its front end face which closely contacts the casing rear wall 11, to be completely smooth. By the centrifugal effect, a sufficient vacuum action is then also produced in the zone of the central bore through which the turbine shaft 7 is guided, preventing the entrance of secondary air. In this connection, the effect can be increased by fluting the front end faces of the backing rolls.

FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of the invention wherein the backing rolls 51 of one backing roll bearing 52 are disposed within the casing rear wall 11 in corresponding recesses 53. In this construction, the backing rolls 51 are directly fashioned as air conveying means by exhibiting several bores 54 extending obliquely with respect to their axis of rotation. The mouths of the bores 54 are disposed on the inside along a smaller diameter than on the outside. Here, too, an air conductance is obtained from the interior of the casing toward the outside, ensuring a sufficient vacuum. The recesses 53 of the casing rear wall 11 pass over into each other (FIG. there being additionally provided in that zone a recess for the turbine shaft 7 of the spinning turbine 1, running in the V-slot of the backing rolls 51.

FIGS. 19 and 20 show an embodiment similar to FIG. 18 wherein the backing rolls 51 are fashioned in the manner of fans in order to make it possible thereby to produce an especially strong vacuum generation. In this embodiment, just as in the aforedescribed construction, a very high cooling effect is provided for the bearing assemblies as well as for the footstep bearing, which is not shown.

FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to FIG. 19, but wherein the backing rolls 51, of a fan configuration, are disposed within the casing 2. In this structure, the housing 2 is divided in the plane of the axles 55 of the backing rolls 51; in the rear wall 11 of this casing, openings 56 are provided in addition to the passages for the axles 55 of the backing rolls 51, through which the air is forced out of the interior of the casing by means of the fan-shaped backing rolls 51. These openings 56 can be fashioned, in a manner not illustrated in detail, to be controllable or adjustable making it possible to adapt the magnitude of the vacuum within the casing to the respective spinning and operating conditions.

In FIG. 22, an embodiment of the invention is shown wherein the backing rolls 57 of a backing roll bearing 58 are disposed very closely toward the casing rear wall 11. The latter is provided with openings 59 disposed approximately in the axial extension of the backing rolls 57, so that, when the backing rolls 57 are rotating,

an air flow directed out of the interior of the casing is produced which also extends to the annular gap between the bore 12 and the collar 10 of the spinning turbine 1.

FIG. 23 shows an embodiment of the invention wherein a fan 60 consisting of two blade vanes is mounted on the collar 10 of the spinning turbine 1. An insert 62 is disposed in a bore 61 of the casing rear wall 11. This insert 62 has two recesses 63 corresponding approximately to the fan vanes of the fan 60, so that it is unnecessary to disassemble the fan 60 when the spinning turbine 1 is dismounted. Yet, the recesses 63 permit the production of a high vacuum within the housing The embodiment of FIG. 24 essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 23; additionally, a sealing lid or cover 64 is inserted from the outside in the bore 61. In this embodiment, the fan merely serves for preventing the entrance of secondary air into the interiorof the casing without substantially contributing to the production of the vacuum.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 25, 26, and 27, the spinning turbine 1 is provided on its rear with radially extending blades 65. The radially disposed blades 65 are inclined with respect to the direction of rotation. The blades 65 cooperate with a spiral groove 66 worked into the casing rear wall 11, this groove terminating in the bore 12. By the cooperation of the blades 65 and the groove 66, an air flow is produced which is oriented toward the bore 12 which prevents the penetration of secondary air into the inside of the casing through the annular gap existing between the bore 12 and the collar 10 of the spinning turbine 1.

In the embodiment of FIG. 28, the casing rear wall 1 1 is provided with a bore 67, adapted with the necessary amount of tolerance to the outer diameter of the spinning turbine I. The spinning turbine l is provided with an extension 68 extending into this bore 67. The annular gap between the projection 68 and the bore 66 is disposed, with respect to the central zone of the interior of the casing, in a relative superatmospheric pressure range, so that here the entrance of secondary air need be feared least of all. Additionally, a suction removal of air is obtained by the special configuration of the backing roll bearing which corresponds essentially to the embodiment of FIG. 17. In accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 29, the projection on the backside of the spinning turbine I can be fashioned as a blower 69, instead of fashioning the backing roll bearing as an air conveying means, so that the production of a vacuum is made possible thereby.

While I have shown and described several embodiments in accordance with the present invention, it is to be clearly understood that the same is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications as will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and I, therefore, do not wish to be limited to the details shown and described herein but intend to cover all such changes and modifications that are encompassed by the scope of the present invention.

1 claim:

1. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the casing into said turbine chamber by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, said air conveying means including means for producing an outwardly oriented air current in the zone of said bore to counteract and reduce the flow of air entering the chamber by way of said bore.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing by way of an annular gap formed between said turbine shaft and said bore whereby the inflow of air through said gap is prevented.

3. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the easing into said turbine chamber by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a rotational body arranged adjacent the rear wall of the casing, said rotational body being rotatable with said spinning turbine.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said rotational body is attached to said turbine shaft.

5. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the easing into said turbine chamber by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, characterized in that said air conveying means includes air conducting means formed in an interior face of said rear wall.

6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes air conducting means formed in an interior face of said rear wall, and characterized in that said air conducting means includes a spiral groove leading to the bore for the turbine shaft.

7. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in.

that the air conveying means includes at least one opening arranged in said rear wall in addition to said bore.

8. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said rotational body is accommodated in a separate housing adjoining the rear wall of the casing.

9. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said rear wall of the casing includes a tubular projection, and in that said bore is disposed in said tubular projection.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said tubular projection extends outwardly from the plane of said rear wall.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a rotational body arranged in said tubular extension, said rotational body being rotatable with said spinning turbine.

12. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a bowl-shaped cap of a thin-walled material is disposed in the area of the bore so as to closely surround the turbine shaft.

13. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a collar is provided on said turbine shaft, said collar extending along that portion of the turbine shaft adjacent the bore, and in that a bowl-shaped cap of a thinwalled material is disposed in the area of the bore so as to closely surround said collar.

14. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a bowl-shaped cap of a thin-walled material is disposed in the area of the bore so as to closely surround the turbine shaft.

15. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotational body is constructed of synthetic resinous material and is constructed separately from the remaining components of the apparatus.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the rotational body is attached to the turbine shaft by clip means.

17. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the air conveying means is constructed of synthetic resinous material and is constructed separately from the remaining components of the apparatus.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the air conveying means is attached to one of said turbine shaft and said rear wall by way of clip means.

19. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes fan blades arranged adjacent said rear wall of the casing.

20. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said rotational body is a fan blade.

21. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the easing into said turbine chamher by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a rotatable part with thread-like projections thereon, said part being disposed in the vicinity of said bore.

22. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said rotational body is a collar on said turbine shaft which has thread-like projections on the exterior thereof.

23. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a relatively fixed collar with thread-like projections extending inwardly adjacent the rotating turbine shaft.

24. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a member having thread-like projections, said member being arranged in said tubular projection.

25. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotating cone tapering toward the interior of the casing is provided at one of said spinning turbine and said turbine shaft to rotate therewith, and in that said bore is also conically tapered to accommodate said cone.

26. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said rotating cone is clipped on a collar of the spinning turbine.

27. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said rotating cone is clipped directly to said turbine shaft.

28. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said conical bore is provided in a detachable insert provided for the rear wall.

29. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the bore of the casing rear wall corresponds approximately to the diameter of the spinning turbine, and in that said turbine is provided with a projection extending into the bore.

30. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the bore of the casing rear wall corresponds approximately to the diameter of the spinning turbine, and in that said rotational body is a projection provided on said turbine and extending into said bore.

31. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that said projection is fashioned as the air conveying means.

32. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the support means for the turbine shaft include backing roll pairs, and in that axles of said backing rolls extend into the zone of the rear wall of the casing and carry the air conveying means.

' 33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that theair conveying means are disposed in openings of the rear wall of the casing that are separate from said bore.

34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that said air conveying means are fans arranged at the ends of said axles.

35. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the support means for the turbine shaft includes backing roll pairs, and in that one of the backing roll pairs is arranged in the zone of the rear casing wall and is fashioned as the air conveying means.

36. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that said one backing roll pair is fashioned as fans with the periphery of the fan being constructed as a backing roll surface.

37.'Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that said one backing roll pair is disposed within the chamber, and in that the rear wall of said casing is provided with openings in addition to said bore for conveying air outwardly from the chamber.

38. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that said one backing roll pair is disposed within the chamber, and in that the rear wall of said casing is provided with openings in addition to said bore for conveying air outwardly from the chamber.

39. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that the backing roll pair disposed in the zone of the casing rear wall is provided with passage openings and is studded with fan blades or the like.

40. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the bore of the rear wall of the casing is substantially larger than the turbine shaft, and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said shaft.

41. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said turbine is provided with a collar extending through the bore of the rear wall of the casing, in that said bore is substantially larger than the collar and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said shaft.

42. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the bore of the rear wall of the casing is substantially larger than the turbine shaft, and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said shaft, said inserts being positioned between said rotational body and the exterior of said casing.

43. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said turbine is provided with a collar extending through the bore of the rear wall of the casing, in that said bore is substantially larger than the collar, and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said collar, said inserts being positioned between said rotational body and the exterior of said casing.

44. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said rotational body is the only means for maintaining the subatmospheric pressure in said chamber.

45. Apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising suction line means independent of the rotational body for assisting in maintaining the subatmospheric pressure in said chamber.

46. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a rotatable part with thread-like projections thereon, said part being disposed in the vicinity of said bore. 

1. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the casing into said turbine chamber by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, said air conveying means including means for producing an outwardly oriented air current in the zone of said bore to counteract and reduce the flow of air entering the chamber by way of said bore.
 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing by way of an annular gap formed between said turbine shaft and said bore whereby the inflow of air through said gap is prevented.
 3. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the casing into said turbine chamber by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a rotational body arranged adjacent the rear wall of the casing, said rotational body being rotatable with said spinning turbine.
 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said rotational body is attached to said turbine shaft.
 5. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the casing into said turbine chamber by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, characterized in that said air conveying means includes air conducting means formed in an interior face of said rear wall.
 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes air conducting means formed in an interior face of said rear wall, and characterized in that said air conducting means includes a spiral groove leading to the bore for the turbine shaft.
 7. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the air conveying means includes at least one opening arranged in said rear wall in addition to said bore.
 8. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said rotational body is accommodated in a separate housing adjoining the rear wall of the casing.
 9. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said rear wall of the casing includes a tubular projection, and in that said bore is disposed in said tubular projection.
 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said tubular projection extends outwardly from the plane of said rear wall.
 11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characteriZed in that said air conveying means includes a rotational body arranged in said tubular extension, said rotational body being rotatable with said spinning turbine.
 12. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a bowl-shaped cap of a thin-walled material is disposed in the area of the bore so as to closely surround the turbine shaft.
 13. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a collar is provided on said turbine shaft, said collar extending along that portion of the turbine shaft adjacent the bore, and in that a bowl-shaped cap of a thin-walled material is disposed in the area of the bore so as to closely surround said collar.
 14. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a bowl-shaped cap of a thin-walled material is disposed in the area of the bore so as to closely surround the turbine shaft.
 15. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotational body is constructed of synthetic resinous material and is constructed separately from the remaining components of the apparatus.
 16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the rotational body is attached to the turbine shaft by clip means.
 17. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the air conveying means is constructed of synthetic resinous material and is constructed separately from the remaining components of the apparatus.
 18. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the air conveying means is attached to one of said turbine shaft and said rear wall by way of clip means.
 19. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes fan blades arranged adjacent said rear wall of the casing.
 20. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said rotational body is a fan blade.
 21. Spinning apparatus comprising: a casing enclosing a turbine chamber which is under subatmospheric pressure, a rotatably driven turbine shaft extending from the exterior of the casing into said turbine chamber by way of a bore in the rear wall of the casing, support means arranged separate from said casing for supporting said turbine shaft in position, a spinning turbine positioned in said chamber and attached to said turbine shaft for rotation with said turbine shaft, drive means for rotatably driving said turbine shaft, and air conveying means for conveying air from said chamber to the exterior of said casing in response to rotation of the turbine shaft, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a rotatable part with thread-like projections thereon, said part being disposed in the vicinity of said bore.
 22. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said rotational body is a collar on said turbine shaft which has thread-like projections on the exterior thereof.
 23. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a relatively fixed collar with thread-like projections extending inwardly adjacent the rotating turbine shaft.
 24. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a member having thread-like projections, said member being arranged in said tubular projection.
 25. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotating cone tapering toward the interior of the casing is provided at one of said spinning turbine and said turbine shaft to rotate therewith, and in that said bore is also conically tapered to accommodate said cone.
 26. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said rotating cone is clipped on a collar of the spinning turbine.
 27. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said rotating cone is clipped directly to said turbine shaft.
 28. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said conical bore is provided in a detachable insert provided for the rear wall.
 29. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the bore of the casing rear wall corresponds approximately to the dIameter of the spinning turbine, and in that said turbine is provided with a projection extending into the bore.
 30. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the bore of the casing rear wall corresponds approximately to the diameter of the spinning turbine, and in that said rotational body is a projection provided on said turbine and extending into said bore.
 31. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that said projection is fashioned as the air conveying means.
 32. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the support means for the turbine shaft include backing roll pairs, and in that axles of said backing rolls extend into the zone of the rear wall of the casing and carry the air conveying means.
 33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the air conveying means are disposed in openings of the rear wall of the casing that are separate from said bore.
 34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that said air conveying means are fans arranged at the ends of said axles.
 35. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the support means for the turbine shaft includes backing roll pairs, and in that one of the backing roll pairs is arranged in the zone of the rear casing wall and is fashioned as the air conveying means.
 36. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that said one backing roll pair is fashioned as fans with the periphery of the fan being constructed as a backing roll surface.
 37. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that said one backing roll pair is disposed within the chamber, and in that the rear wall of said casing is provided with openings in addition to said bore for conveying air outwardly from the chamber.
 38. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that said one backing roll pair is disposed within the chamber, and in that the rear wall of said casing is provided with openings in addition to said bore for conveying air outwardly from the chamber.
 39. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that the backing roll pair disposed in the zone of the casing rear wall is provided with passage openings and is studded with fan blades or the like.
 40. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the bore of the rear wall of the casing is substantially larger than the turbine shaft, and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said shaft.
 41. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said turbine is provided with a collar extending through the bore of the rear wall of the casing, in that said bore is substantially larger than the collar and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said shaft.
 42. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the bore of the rear wall of the casing is substantially larger than the turbine shaft, and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said shaft, said inserts being positioned between said rotational body and the exterior of said casing.
 43. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said turbine is provided with a collar extending through the bore of the rear wall of the casing, in that said bore is substantially larger than the collar, and in that inserts fashioned as sealing elements and air conducting means are positioned in said bore around said collar, said inserts being positioned between said rotational body and the exterior of said casing.
 44. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said rotational body is the only means for maintaining the subatmospheric pressure in said chamber.
 45. Apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising suction line means independent of the rotational body for assisting in maintaining the subatmospheric pressure in said chamber.
 46. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said air conveying means includes a rotatable part with thread-like projections thereon, said part being disposed in the vicinity of said bore. 